Having a baby? What are the tax implications?

By TurboTax

The birth of a child is not just a blessed event; it’s the beginning of a whole new set of tax breaks for your family. Learn how the newest addition to your family can help trim your tax bill, and how to save for your child’s future in the most tax-efficient manner.

Get a Social Security number

Your key to tax benefits is a Social Security number. You’ll need one to claim your child as a dependent on your tax return. Failing to report the number for each dependent can trigger a $50 fine and tie up your refund until things are straightened out.

You can request a Social Security card for your newborn at the hospital at the same time you apply for a birth certificate. If you don’t, it can be a real hassle. You’ll need to file a Form SS-5 with the Social Security Administration, and provide proof of the child’s age, identity and U.S. citizenship.

If registering newborns strikes you as silly, keep in mind that the aim is to prevent taxpayers from claiming dependents they don’t deserve (think parakeets and puppies). Apparently, it’s working. In the first year the government required Social Security numbers, 7 million fewer dependents were claimed than the year before.

Dependency exemption

Claiming your son or daughter as a dependent will shelter $3,900 of your income from tax in 2013, saving you a quick $975 if you’re in the 25 percent bracket. You get the full-year’s exemption no matter when during the year the child was born or adopted.

$1,000 child tax credit

For 2014, a new baby also delivers a tax credit of up $1,000, even if the child was born late in the year. Unlike a deduction that reduces the amount of income the government gets to tax, a credit reduces your tax bill dollar-for-dollar.

The credit is phased out at higher income levels, and begins to disappear as income rises above $110,000 on joint returns, and above $75,000 on single and head of household returns. For some lower-income taxpayers, the credit is “refundable,” meaning that if it exceeds your income tax liability for the year, the IRS will issue a refund check for the difference. Don’t assume you can’t qualify for the refundable credit just because you didn’t qualify in prior years.

Fix your withholding at work

Since claiming an extra dependent will cut your tax bill, it also means you can cut back on tax withholding from your paycheck. File a new W-4 form with your employer to claim an additional withholding “allowance.”

For a new parent in the 25 percent bracket, that will cut withholding—and boost take-home pay—by about $75 a month.
Filing status

If you are married, having a child will not affect your filing status. But if you’re single, having a child may allow you to file as a head of household rather than using the single filing status.

That would give you a bigger standard deduction and more advantageous tax brackets. To qualify as a head of household, you must pay more than half the cost of providing a home for a qualifying person—and your new son or daughter qualifies.

Earned income credit

For a couple without children, the chance to claim the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) disappears when income on a joint return exceeds $20,020 in 2014. (For single filers the 2014 limit is $14,590.) The table below shows the income limits to qualify for the credit for joint and single filers, based on how many qualifying children you have.

2014 EIC Income Limit

No children

• Joint-filers: $20,020
• Single-filers: $14,590

One child

• Joint-filers: $43,941
• Single-filers: $38,511

Two children     

• Joint-filers: $49,186
• Single-filers: $43,756

Three or more children     

• Joint-filers: $52,427
• Single-filers: $46,997

Child care credit

If you pay for child care to allow you to work—and earn income for the IRS to tax—you can earn a credit worth between $600 and $1,050 if you’re paying for the care of one child under age 13, or between $1,200 and $2,100 if you’re paying for the care of two or more children under 13. The size of your credit depends on your income and how much you pay for care (you can count up to $3,000 for the care of one child and up to $6,000 for the care of two or more).

Lower income workers with an Adjusted Gross Income of $15,000 or less can claim a credit of up to 35 percent of qualifying costs; the percentage gradually drops to a floor of 20 percent for taxpayers reporting AGI over $43,000.

Child care reimbursement account

You may have an even more tax-friendly way to pay your child care bills than the child care credit: a child care reimbursement account at work. These accounts, often called Flex Plans, let you divert up to $5,000 a year of your salary into a special tax-advantaged account that you can then tap to pay child care bills

Money you run through the account avoids both federal and state income taxes as well as Social Security and Medicare taxes, so it could easily save you more than the value of the credit. You can’t double dip by using both the reimbursement account and the credit. But note that while the limit for Flex accounts is $5,000, the credit can be claimed against up to $6,000 of eligible expenses if you have two or more children. So even if you run $5,000 through a Flex account, you could qualify to claim the 20 percent to 35 percent credit on up to $1,000 more.

Although you generally can only sign up for a Flex account during “open enrollment” in the fall, most companies allow you to make mid-year changes in response to certain “life events,” including the birth of a child.

Adoption credit

There’s also a tax credit to help offset the cost of adopting a child. For 2014, the credit is worth as much as $13,190. If you adopt a “special needs” child, you can claim the full credit amount even if your actual adoption costs are less.

Save for college

It’s never too early to start saving for those college bills. And it’s no surprise the Congress has included some tax goodies to help parents save. One option is a Section 529  Education Savings Plan. Contributions to these plans are not deductible on your federal taxes, but earnings grow tax-free and payouts are tax-free, too, if the money is used to pay qualifying college bills. (Some states give residents a state tax deduction if they invest in their state’s own 529 Plan. Visit your state’s official website for details.) There are no income restrictions on 529 Plan contributions.

You may also want to fund a Coverdell Education Savings Account (ESA) for your newborn. Up to $2,000 a year can go into an ESA for each child. Again, there is no deduction for deposits, but earnings are tax-free if used to pay qualified education expenses. ESA money can pay for elementary and high school expenses (even a computer used for school and educational software), as well as for college costs. The right to contribute to an ESA phases out as income rises from $95,000 to $110,000 on single returns, and from $190,000 to $220,000 on joint returns.

Kid IRAs

You may have heard about Kid IRAs and the fact that relatively small investments when a child is young can grow to eye-popping balances over many decades. It’s true, but there’s a catch. You can’t just open an IRA for your newborn and start shoveling in the cash.

A person must have earned income from a job or self-employment in order to have an IRA. Gifts and investment income don’t count. So you probably can’t open an IRA for your newborn (unless, perhaps, he or she gets paid for being an infant model). But as soon as your youngster starts earning some money—babysitting or delivering papers, for example, or helping out in the family business—he or she can open an IRA. The phenomenal power of long-term compounding makes it a great idea.

A Roth IRA is an ideal choice for most kids who are in a low tax bracket, where a tax deduction is of little value. With a Roth IRA there’s no up-front tax break, but their savings will benefit from years of tax-free growth, and withdrawals in retirement are tax-free.